Drying apparatus.



1.1. KRUGER.

DRYING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.21|1916.

l @Wh Patented Nov., 20, 191?.

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or ccruunaeiin, nnnMAax.

y narrare APPARATUS.

Speciucation of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 2CD), 1917..

.ppieation led September 27, 1916. Serial No. 122,534.

useful improvements in Apparatus -ior Dryf ingOrganic Substances, ofwhichvthe fol- `lowing is a specification.

This invention vrelates to apparatus for drying organic substances,whether natural' or manufactured. Hitherto such substances have commonlybeen subject to the formation' of a hard 4rind or shell of dried matefrial by the supericial action of the heat and evaporation on them; whichrind or shell prevents the proper action of the heat or drying agent onthe internal portions of such material, so that the exterior of a jointof meat, for example, may be excessively dried and hardened while theinterior portions of the meat will remain incompletely dried or notdried at all. An equalized drying operation resulting in the homogeneouscondition of the substance treated is manifestly important; and thechief purpose of this improvement'is to insure such equality andhomogeneity. A"llo this end, l embed the 'substances to be driedin bedsof pulverulent absorbent material, which will withdraw moisture from thesuperficial parts of the substances treated but will also restore suchmoisture thereto when the drying threatens to become excessive and willthus constitute an automatic means. of regulation, keeping the surfacesof the articles soft and consequently permitting the action of heat andevaporation through these parts on theinterior parts of said substances.l also support said beds separately in -open boxes in cars, permittingfree access of heat and air to said beds.- and through the lattern tosaid embedded substances. 1llhe details of said invention arehereinafter more particularly set forth, and the novelty of saidinvention is delined in the appended claims.

1n the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal verti-4 cal section through dryingapparatus embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 -represents a horizontal section vthrough the same on a planeabove the pipe 17 land ventilator 16 hereinafter described;

Fig. 3 represents a vertical cross-section through Fig. 1 taken at apoint to the right of pipe 22, looking to the left ;l

Fig. 4 represents a longitudinal central detail view of one of thedrying beds; and

Fig. 5 represents a similar view of a modified form of the same. f

ln 'said drawings, 1 designates anelongated receptacle or casing havingone end adaptedto be opened to receive cars 4t, whichpare run into'saidreceptacle on small wheels over rails 3 longitudinally ixed on thebottom plate of said casing. Said open endl of the receptacle, inclosureor casing, is closed at will by a removable cover 2.

These cars enter one after the other, are provided with open sides and,as lhereinafter explained, carry the drying boxes containing thearticles or substances to be dried. Each of these cars is provided withraised walls 5 at its end and in the middle, the middle wall 5constituting a partition, which divides the interior of said car intotwo compartments, each compartment being used .to contain a series iofsuperposed drying boxes 7, which rest. on ledges 6 of walls 5,

being held so far apart as to leave space- .for the circulation of airor other drying medium between. them.

Each of these boxes may bev constructed as.

shown in Fig. 4, having'plates for its sides and bottom provided withnumerous perforations 10; or, as shown in Fig. 5, a part lof the box,preferably the bottom, may be made of rods and wire, permitting theready lpassage of heat and air. This may consist,

exposed to the air. The bottom of the box 7, in the form illustrated byFig. 4, is provided with external metal ribs 11 vand internal metal ribs12 to increase the surface 4terial and at no point touch the box or areand conducting mass for receiving heat and transferring itto thesubstance 8 through the absorptive material 9.

When any substance or article 8 shrinks in drying theenvelopingsubstancev 9 'will ,similarly contract, keeping in contact or touch withthe surface of said substance 8,'

y so that the surface thereof will remain soft since it. receives `fromsaid material 9 suiiicient absorbed moisture to counteract unduedesiccation and hardening.

Inpreparing for the'drying operation. the

boxes l7 are placed on the ledges 6 in theA open sided cars 4, formingat least two verti- .cal series of drying boxesfor each carl The carsare then successively run on rails 3 into' I the receptacle casing y1and the opening` through which they enter the end of the same is closedby cover 2, as shown in Fig.l 41. For conveniently heating thereceptacle and the drying 'boxes contained therein,

f lbination with this heat, bythe admission and. l,

v pressure or under additional pressure; or bythe heat alone, a part ofthe steam generated' steam ma be admitted through pipes 25, Fig. 2,'-toeatingv ipes23 arranged horizontallyand longitudinally in verticalseries between the sides of said receptacle and said cars. The dryingmay .be .effected inv comcirculation of-air, either under atmospheric gthereby-*being drawn oi continually and e In the former case, withoutmechanical air another part circulated through the boxes and contentsso4 as to dry very gradually and evenly the entire mass of each articleor substance 8 treated. y

pressure, the air may be admitted in any convenient way and at anyconvenient point, but most conveniently by leaving o the cover 2. Avacuum pipe 2 2 leadi compartment 18 in the bottom oi t e receptacle maythen be .utilized with any conven- .ient means of suction'to withdrawair and moisture from said'receptacle and contents and'cause the inii'owof air which will then be causedto circulate within the rece 'tacle 1and through the boxes 7 by a pipe 17 eading from said compartment 18 toan end compartment 19 of said receptacle and a blower' 16. Theairpursues'a zigzagcourse entering the-rear pile or series of boxes atone. side and passing from the other side there-j.

."ofto 'the next pile'or series and so on until it reaches thev.admission end of the recep-A tacle and repeats-its course .throughcoinpartment 18 to pipe 17, continuing the cir- "cuit. 'Of course airand steam continually I culate escape 'through pipe 22. y v

. When the current of airis not used and steam (generated'within'thereceptacle is'ciry through the boxes instead, the cover 2 is closed, asshown-ii'1"Figs. 1 and 2, forin-- ing an endcoinpartment 21a,communicating with compartmentil and vforiiii'ng part of from aV ation.

bedsand the'l articles -within them must be relied onfor like actionwithout external air' from any circulation .of moisture.

.-Deiiecting plates 20 (Figs. 1 and 2) are arranged on the inner faceofthe receptacle at both sides of the cars to insure the zigza ,courseof the air or. steam -above state Horizontal,` longitudinal, internalledges (Fig. 2) of said receptacle combine with'the 'bottoms ofthe cars.to mahke a' horizontal partition separatin compartments 18 from theremainder of t e interior of the receptacle except at the 'ends thereof.

l Having thus4 described my invention, what- I claim as new and ters.,Patent is 12 A bed of comminuted absorbent material' in which articlesof' food may be emdesire to secure `by Letbedded, in combination with .abox containv -iii'g the latter provided with numerous small openings inits sides and bottom and means for Idireotin a 4drying current ofaeriform fluid throng said ent material, arran ed with iiitervalsbetween them, in com ination with a corresponding series'of boxes, eachhavin numerous small openin in its sides an bot-v tom and means :forirecting a drying C2current of aeriform iiuid through said'openmgs andsaid beds in succession to properly dry articles of; food embedded insaid beds. 3. Iii 'combinationwith lcars and boxes contained therein,both-bemg adapte to allow flow of air or steam'throu h'said .boxes andtheir contents2 m` han-ica meansA for maintaining. circulation o air orsteam i through the same, and a receptacle contain-` ing said cars andprovided witheled es 26, y. Iwhich combine'with the bottoms of said carsto forina lower com artment, the vair or steam;l beingr directed Atrough all the boxes and then' returning through said lower,ooinartmentjto sa-id mechanical means of circu- 4. vIn combination with'a'receptacle, a vseries ofabsorbent beds arrange therein,

mechanica'lbmeans for producing a current through said beds of thegreater part of the openingsand said bed for. the purpose set fort o. y

2. A superposed series of beds of absorbfsa steam produced Aby heatingsaid receptacle n testimony whereof, I have signed my and formaintaining this circulation Without name to this speeiieation in thepresence of 'supply of steam from outside the casing, two subscribingWitnesses.

" in order that a continuous gradual drying and means of escape for apart of this steam JRGEN JRGENSEN MER,

Witnesses:

H. DINESEN, MAGNUS JENSEN.

of the entire substance of each article to be dried may be effected.

